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Letters Pato-nt No. 95,614, dated October-'5, 1869.

IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS PoR TRANSMITTING POWER BY MEANS orl A FLUID PASSED THROUGH A HPR 0R TUBE.

l The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part 0f the same:-

'To all whom it may concernv Beit known that I, ROBERT SPEAR, of New Haven, in the county lof New Haven, and State of' Connecticut., have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Mode of' Transmitting Power for Marine Signals, 85o.; and I do hereby declare that the followingis a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of' reference marked thereon, which form a part of this speeilication.

The nature of my invention relates to an improvement in transmitting motive power, and to the peculiar construction of the devices for accomplishing the same.

ln order to enable others skilled in the art to which myinvention appertains, to' apply the san1e,'.l will nowv proceed to describe the construction and operation of my apparatus, referring to` the annexed drawings, which make part of this speciiication, in which- Figure 4l is a longitudinal vertical section, and

Figure 2 is a side View.

Fluids of any kind, in their passage through tubes or conduits of uniform size, gradually lose ytheir force and velocity, to prevent which, and cause them to pass witlri-mabated force, without regard to distance, is the object of my invention. A

l represents a section of the conduit, and

A, its connection with the second joint of the-tube or conduit, or its terminus when not more than one. joint is used.

The length ofthe connecting-tubes A Ay is only what is required to form the connection with the main tube B, and-their diameter is always equa-l and smaller than that ofthe main tube. l

. The pipe B can be of' any desired length; the longer it is the greater must hJ its diameter, as compared with the connecting-tubes A A.

Il' the main tube is one mile. long, its area should be at least one-fifth larger; if' half a mile, one-tenth, and if one-quarter of a mile, only of' one-twentieth larger, and continue to diminish in the same ratio.

'lhe reason of this is obvious when it is understood that the object of this arrangement is toa-llow the uid to perform the peculiar function of itsnature, which is to maintain its` equilibrium.

This it cannot do in its passage through a conduit of uniform size, in which no provision can be made to counteract the. friction occasioned by its contact with the surface ofthe same. n

By observing the principle already described in the construction of this novel form of conduit, it has been found, by repeated experiment, that while the fluid is in motionppressuregauges show the same force at the point of reception and delivery, whether it be-arloug or short joint or an indefinite series of them, regardless of the distance the force or power is transmitted.

working machinery, and for all purposes where, fory Iany reason, it may be desirable to transmit any kind of yfluid for any purpose or use whatever.

opening the valve at the point ofdelivery, signals can be 'made along the whole line, extending to the original power-source, whenever arrangements are made for the purpose, as has been especially proven by firing guns or I operating various kinds of signals; or the same results can be-producedby an attempt-to negative, by opening the, lateral vent, the lineat any point between its terminus and the power-source, from which point signals can be madeeitherin the direction of the powersource or the terminus ofthe line, -while any considerable amount of force remains in the conduit, and, when desired, the terminus of the line can be connected with the constant force, by which means 'continued signalsor results may be produced from any point on the line, in either direction.

I n addition to the utility of' working marine signals, for which 1 particularly design this form of conduit, it is also useful for lother forms of signals, and for working nearly all possible forms of' engines. g

lt therefore becomes evident that the utility of my inrention must be great for numerous purposes.

Having thus fully described my invention,

lVhat I claim as new, and 'desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-v '1. The within-described improvement in transmitting power by means of a fluid-passed through a tube or tubes, with diminished (eoniieetioii, substantially las described.

. 2. The pipe or pipes through which' a fluid is transmitted from au engineer power-source to the machinery designed to be operated upon, or to the desired terminus, with any form of engine, when said pipe or pipes are united with diminished connections or provided with contractions, substantiall,iv as and for the purpose vset forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own,`

I aliix my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

' R() BERT SPEAK. Witnesses: WM. MARTIN,

JNO. H. JOHNSON. a

When thefluid in the conduit'is inv'a quiet state, by l y 

